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Undergraduate

Home / E-Lessons / Archive by category "Undergraduate"
13
Feb
2026
BLS – detailed for exam
Posted On February 13, 2026  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

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13
Oct
2025
Managing the Aggressive Patient in General Hospital Settings
Posted On October 13, 2025  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

A Practical Guide for Healthcare Professionals Presentation Outline Introduction Why This Matters Prevalence: Impact: Definition of Aggression Types of Aggressive Behavior Verbal Aggression: Physical Aggression: Passive Aggression: Understanding the Causes Medical Causes Organic Brain Disorders: Metabolic Disturbances: Understanding the Causes (Continued) Medical Causes (Continued) Substance-Related: Pain […]

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05
Aug
2025
Valproic Acid and Mitochondria
Posted On August 5, 2025  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

Valproic acid (VPA) is known to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, primarily through its interference with mitochondrial beta-oxidation, which can lead to liver toxicity and steatosis. This effect is attributed to VPA’s structural resemblance to fatty acids, allowing it to enter mitochondria and generate a coenzyme A ester (VPA-CoA) […]

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17
Jun
2025
Eye Signs in different Psychiatric Disorders
Posted On June 17, 2025  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

Eye signs and symptoms provide valuable diagnostic and monitoring information across various psychiatric disorders. Here’s an in-depth analysis of these ocular manifestations: Schizophrenia Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement (SPEM) Abnormalities: Deficits in smooth pursuit and an excess of ‘jerky’ eye movements were one of the earliest reported […]

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09
May
2025
Neurobiology of Anhedonia
Posted On May 9, 2025  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

Anhedonia —the reduced ability to experience pleasure—represents a complex neurobiological phenomenon involving multiple brain circuits, neurotransmitter systems, and molecular mechanisms. Here’s a comprehensive overview: Core Neural Circuits Reward Processing Network Corticolimbic Networks Neurotransmitter Systems Dopaminergic Mechanisms Serotonergic Contributions Other Neurotransmitter Systems Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Neuroplasticity […]

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22
Feb
2025
Psychiatric Signs Alphabet order
Posted On February 22, 2025  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

Here’s a list of psychiatric signs and symptoms starting with the letter A, along with informative descriptions: These signs and symptoms are important indicators in psychiatric evaluations and can help clinicians diagnose and treat mental health conditions effectively. B C D Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): […]

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16
Dec
2024
Drug-induced peeing?
Posted On December 16, 2024  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

can olanzapine causes young teen to pee either diurnal or nocturnal ? Excellent clinical question. Olanzapine can indeed cause urinary issues in adolescents, including both diurnal (daytime) and nocturnal (nighttime) urinary problems: Urinary Side Effects of Olanzapine: Important Clinical Recommendations:

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16
Dec
2024
TCAs and Thrombocytopenia?
Posted On December 16, 2024  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

Does anafranil affects blood platelets? Anafranil (clomipramine) can indeed affect blood platelets. Here’s a detailed explanation: Anafranil, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been associated with potential platelet-related effects: Important Note: Always consult with a healthcare professional about specific medication concerns. They can provide personalized advice based on […]

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23
May
2024
The Story of ECT
Posted On May 23, 2024  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), formerly known as electroshock therapy, is a psychiatric treatment that involves inducing a brief seizure in the patient by passing electric currents through the brain. It has a long and controversial history, with both proponents and critics. The origins of ECT can be […]

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22
Apr
2024
Psychiatric Aspects of Hypo-natremia:
Posted On April 22, 2024  By [email protected]  And has No Comment

Can we accuse psycho-active medication to predispose for Hyponatremia? Yes, certain psychiatric medications can increase the risk of developing hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood). Here are some examples of psychiatric medications that have been associated with hyponatremia: The mechanism by which these medications can […]

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